Automatic gain control means



Oct, 22, 1957 E. o. KEIZER x-:rAL 2,810,825

AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL MEANS Original Filed Aug. 23, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INI/ENTORS EEENE u. KEIZER en Mmmm E. Kaarten BY M0-wf ATTORNEY Oct. 22, 1957 E. o. KEIZER ErAL AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL MEANS Original Filed Aug. 23, 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 E mz WH WK ,m E E U E TTOR NE Y United States Patent Oak Park, Ill., assignors to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Original application August 23, 1952, Seriai No. itvi-i, now Patent No. 2,735,002, dated February 14, w56. Divided and this appiication January 4, 1954, Serial No. 402,007

14 Claims. (Cl. Z50-20) The present invention relates to improvements in automatie gain control circuits for radio receiving systems and more particularly, although not necessarily exclusively, to automatic gain control systems of the type used in television signal receivers.

This case is a division of U. S. Patent No. 2,735,002, entitled, Sync Separator and AGC Circuits for TV Receivers, issued February 14, 1956, by Eugene O. Keizer, et al.

It is well known in the television art and radio art that automatic gain control systems for television receivers require special consideration and are not as Simple and straightforward as automatic gain control circuits for broadcast AM radio receivers. The most popular type of automatic gain control circuit for television receiving systems is based upon the fact that the synchronizing signal components of the transmitted television signal are transmitted at a fixed percentage of carrier modulation. Actual carrier intensity at a given receiving location can, therefore, be measured as a function of the magnitude of the demodulated synchronizing signal components of the television signal.

It was common practice in the early stages of the television art to merely peak-detect the received and demodulated television signal. Since, in accordance with United States RTMA television signal standards, the synchronizing signal component of the television signal defines the signal peaks, it Was convenient to merely peakdetect the received signals and develop a voltage useful as an automatic gain control voltage. This approach was satisfactory vexcept in areas where noise pulses exceeding the height of sync signal peaks were frequently present. In such cases, the gain of the television receiver would often times drop to a very low value, with a consequent destruction of the received picture, in response to a heavy noise burst. To overcome this basic disadvantage, keyed automatic gain control systems were developed in which the intensity of the received signal is sampled only during the synchronizing signal period. This was most expeditiously accomplished by keying a peak detector on only during the horizontal deflection circuit flyback time. Noise pulses occuring between horizontal synchronizing intervals would, therefore, be excluded and prevented from influencing the charge developed by the keyed peak detector. The basic diiiiculty with a keyed automatic gain control circuit is in the case of in the reception of strong signals. Under such conditions, the horizontal deflection circuits may establish a locked-out relation with respect to arriving sync which produces wide black horizontal bands across the received picture. This results from the fact that the initial gain of the receiver circuit upon first encountering the strong signal is so great that the horizontal deflection circuits synchronize upon a portion of the television signal other than the horizontal synchronizing pulse. Thus, in the case of strong signals, it becomes advisable to have a type of non-keyed AGC to prevent horizontal lock-out.

The present invention provides a simple and econom- 2,819,825 Patented Get. 22, 1957 ical form of automatic gain control circuit especially suited for television receiving systems which may be easily adjusted to operate either as a keyed or non-keyed automatic gain control circuit. ln this way, automatic gain control circuit operation can be manually tailored to best accord with the general intensity of signals being received.

it is, therefore, an object of the present invention to improve the immunity of television receivers to noise impulses.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a simple and economical automatic gain control circuit which may be easily adjusted for keyed or non-keyed operation.

It is still another purpose of the present invention to provide an automatic gain control circuit which may be easily adjusted in relation to incoming signals to provide optimum performance.

in the realization of the above objects and features of advantage, the present invention contemplates the use of two amplifier devices connected in series relationship with one another. Storage capacitance means is connected at the junction of the two amplifying devices so as to develop a potential representing the current passed by one of the amplifying devices. The other amplifier device is, therefore, in a discharging relation to the storage capacitance means. By applying keying pulses to the output electrode of the charging amplifier device, reci tied pulses in its output circuit may be integrated to produce a voltage of a suitable polarity and magnitude for automatic gain control use. By applying incoming video signal to the discharging amplifier device, a control over the voltage developed in the output circuit of the first discharge device may be obtained in a manner useful for automatic gain control purposes.

A better understanding of the present invention aswell as other of its objects and features of advantage will become apparent from a reading of the following specification, especially when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a combination block and schematic diagram of one form of the present invention; and

Figure 2 is a combination block and schematic diagram of still another form of the present invention.

In Figure l, there is illustrated in block form at 10 a typical television receiver, R.F. amplifier and mixer stage system. Received television signals are intercepted by the antenna 12 and applied t0 the television receiver. An automatic gain control terminal 14 is designated to receive a gain control voltage which in a conventional manner controls thelsignal gain of the system embraced by the block 10. In accordance with well known television receiver design, the block 10 is coupled with an intermediate frequency amplier 16 whose output terminal is in turn connected with the video detector and amplijer system 18. Demodulated and amplified video signal 2i) appearing at the output terminal of the video detector and ampliiier system ,18 is applied to a kinescope 22 to control the beam current therein in accordance with picture information. Video signal 20 is also applied to suitable deection circuits 24 which are in turn coupled with a deiection coil means 27 surrounding the neck of the kinescope 22. It is noted that the intermediate frequency amplier 16 is also provided with an automatic gain con trol terminal 26 to which an automatic gain control voltage may be applied to control the gain of the intermediate frequency amplier 16.

In order to derive a keying signal for use with the invention, hereinafter to be described, means represented by block 28 have been shown connected with the deflection circuits 24 for developing a keying waveform 30. The keying waveform 30 is synchronous with the hori- In accordance withV the present invention, two ampli-V lier means, such as electron discharge tube sections 32 and 34 are connected in series with one another across `thekeying signal source 28. Thus the cathode 36 of the amplifier 32 is connected with the anode 38 of the amplifier 34. The cathode 40 of the amplifier 34 is connected WithYcircuit ground throughYa source of bias potential having a positive terminal at 42 and a negative terminal at 44. This bias potential maintains the Ycontrol electrode 46 Vat a negative potential with respect to the cathode 4G. This occurs since the control electrode 46 is returned to circuit ground through a gridleak resistor 48. Y Y Y The anode 50 ofthe amplilier 32 is connected with circuit ground through a load resistor means comprising resistors'52 and54.Y A capacitor 56 is connected in shunt with the resistor 54 to produce a suitable time Vconstant for the AGC bus 58. Automatic gain controlV potential appearing on the AGC bus S3 is applied to the AGC terminals 14 and 26, respectively, of the R.F. amplifier and mixer i and intermediate frequency V`amplifier 16 through isolating resistors 69 and 62. Conventional decoupling capacitors or by-pass capacitors 64 and 66 are connected from the AGC terminals 14 and 26 to circuit ground. Y

In further accordancewith the present invention, means Y are provided for connecting or imposing a capacitance between the cathode 36 and circuit ground. The value of this capacitance Ymay be made variable by means of a switch 68 acting in combination with Vcapacitors 70,

72 and 74. Keying pulses from the keying signal source 28 are applied to the anode 50 of the ampliiier 32 Vby means of the capacitor 76.

In the operation of the present invention, keying pulses will be effectively rectied or peak-detected by means of the ampliiier device 32 so as to charge the Vcapacitor 70 with a positive polarity potential on its upper plate. For a given amplituderof keying pulse 3i) it will be seen that less and less current will be passed by the amplier 32 'as the capacitor 70 charges to the peak value of the keying Vpulsei). During the charging process, however, current will necessarily flow through resistors 52 and 54 connected'with the anode 56 of the amplifier 32. This will Vmean that initially a highly negative voltage will appear at the upper terminal of resistor S4 the value of which will gradually diminish as the voltage on capacitor Y7() builds up.

In accordance with the present invention, incoming video signal 2i) is applied to the controlelectrode 46 ofV the amplifier 34. Under such conditions, and with the polarity of the applied video signal as shown, synchronizing signal peaks such `as 20a ofthe signal waveform 20 will tend to cause conduction in the amplifier 34. This assumes of course that the bias supply` connected with the cathode circuit is of suiicient magnitude to maintain the amplier 34 in'normally non-conducting state. The

Ysync pulse 20u will ofcourse tendV to discharge the capacitor 76v due to conductionV in the amplifier 34. This will immediately cause the amplifier 32 to conduct in an elort tol recharge the capacitor,70 to the peak value of the Vkeying pulse 3.0.k The charging current of the ampliiier 32 will in turnV develop a negative voltage across the resistor 54 which is applied to the'AGC terminals 14 and 26 to reduce the gain of the receiver system.

Upon stabilization of the circuit after a few seconds of signal reception, the amount that the capacitor 70 is effectively discharged 4by incoming synchronizing sig- 'nals will be made up by conduction in amplifier 32. The

magnitude of this conduction will be governedby the negative voltage appearing at the upper extremity 'of the resistor 54. Should the signal decrease due to atmospheric fading or other causes, the magnitude of the sync peaks 20a will drop. Capacitor 70 will then no longer be discharged to the same extent on successive synchronizing pulses. This will reduce the amount of current ow through the ampliier 32 in recharging the capacitor .70V

and the potential at the upper extremity of resistor 54 will become negative. This will, of course, tend to increase the gain of the television receiver system to compensate for the reduction in signal strength.

It is evident that if the capacitors 72 and 74 are made suliiciently small, a keyed type of automatic gain control circuit action may beobtained. For example, if the switch means 68 were positioned so as to apply a capacitor 72 of less value thanthe capacitor 70, it will follow that the voltage drop across capacitor 72 for or during a YV given horizontal lineY period due to the reception of syn- `chronizing pulses would be greater than for capacitor 70.

development. lf, however, the keying pulse 30 and the incoming synchronizing signalY 20a occur simultaneously, the current passing through the amplifier 32 would be comparable to the condition obtained when the large capacitor 70 was in the circuit. Thus the AGC voltage developed across resistor 54 will be more largely a function of keyed circuit action than of unkeyed circuit action. Y In the ultimate, if capacitor 74 is made smaller H than capacitor 72 or indeed the capacitor 74 is made to be virtually zero, the AGC voltage developed across re-V sistor 54 will'represent Wholly keyed circuit action.

Thus, in weak signal areas, switch means 68 may be positioned to a very small capacitor whereby to provide a keyed circuit action which gives maximum noise immunity. OnYthe contrary, in strong signal areas, switch means 63 may be positioned Vto provide a capacitor of rather large value so that the AGC voltage developed across resistor 54 is independent of coincidence between the keying pulse 30 and the arriving synchronizing signal 20a.

It is noted that the control electrode of the amplifier 32V is maintained at a substantially zero alternating current impedance with respect to circuit ground 'ny means of the capacitor 57. This is desirable in accordance with the present inventionpin order for the control electrode to act as a shield between the anode and the cathode 36. With the control electrode acting as a shield the keying `pulses 30 will not produce Verroneous triggering of the deflection circuits through the interelectrode capacitance of amplifier 34. Where such considerations are not a problem it is Aapparent; that the control electrode of the amplifier 32 may beY connected withthe anode 5i) or the ampliiier 32 and under SuchYcircumstances may be replaced by a simple diode.V To afford shielding between the anode andthe cathode ofv the amplifier 32, the time constant of the grid circuitresistance and the capacitor 57 should be several times the interval between consecutive horizontal synchronizing pulses. The control elecn trodeSl is connected with a point on the bleeder resistor `53. Bleeder resistor 53 is vconnected between a source u of positive potential and circuitv ground.` This permits the grid 51 to be operated at a positive value of potential with respect to circuit ground which is negative with respect to cathode 36 only by an appropriate biaspotential valuefor thefamplifierSZ. a VV v In` the embodiment of the invention illustratedin Figure k2,Y shown and described Yat length in'therabo'veidentiiied United States patent application copending, Serial No, 306,004, of which this is a. division, an R.F. tuner 80 is connected in driving relationship to an intermediate amplher chain 82. For purposes of convenience in illustrating the operation of the present invention, the anode V84 of the nal intermediate frequency ampliiier tube in the intermediate frequency amplier chain has been shown. The anode 84 is also coupled by means, not shown, to the primary of an intermediate frequency coupling transformer 86, whose secondary 83 is coupled with the diode 90 and circuit ground. Diode 90 Iacts as a video signal demodulating means with the resistor 92 and capacitor 94 acting -as a demodulator load circuit. Demodulated video signal is conveyed via circuit path 96 to the control electrode 98 of video signal amplifier discharge tube 100. Polarizing voltage for the anode 34 of the I.F. amplifier chain is obtained through resistor 102 from the power supply terminal 104 and through resistors 106 and 108 from the power supply terminal 110.

Amplified video signal delivered by the video amplifier tube 160 is applied to the cathode 112 of the kinescope 114 on a direct current coupled bias whereby to preserve direct current picture information in the reproduced scene. Video signal available `at point 116 in the load circuit of the video amplifier 100 is also conveyed via the peaking circuit 118 and resistor 120 to the control electrode of the sync separator tube 122. Direct current for polarization of the anode of amplifier 100 is obtained through resistor 124 from the power supply source terminal 126. Output signal from the sync separator 122 is coupled via the network 128 to the control electrode of the sync amplilier 130. Output signal from the amplifier 130 is applied to the sync and deflection circuits illustrated in block form at 132. Y Well known horizontal yback pulse signal 134, conventionally available across a portion of a horizontal output deflection circuit, is conveyed via the circuit path 136 and capacitor 138 to the automatic gain control circuit which forms the subject matter of the present invention.

The automatic gain control circuit of the present invention is embraced in the dotted line rectangles 140 and 142 and comprises an electron discharge tube V144, serially connected with electron discharge tube 146. The capacitor 148 is connected from the junction of tubes 144 and 146 to circuit ground. Insteadof the cathode 150 of tube 146 being connected with a source of positive potential, the cathode 150 is kconnected with the upper extremity of the signal separator load resistor 152. The control electrode of tube 146 is connected through a novel noise charging circuit 154 to a point along resistor 102 which forms a part of the load circuit for the last video I.F. amplier whose anode is shown at 84. An automatic gain control load circuit across which is developed an automatic gain control voltage, shown connected with the anode of tube 144, and comprises resistors 156, 158 and capacitor 160.

In the operation of the automatic gain control circuit shown in Figure 2, demodulated video signal delivered by the diode 90 is coupled to the video amplier 100, whose output load circuit is connected with the control electrode of sync separator 122. As described in the above-identiiied United States patent application, the clipping threshold of the sync separator 122, as well as theV bias on the kinescope 114 is rendered a function of received signal strength by connecting the cathode of the tube 122 to the left hand extremity of resistor 106. In this way as the gain of the intermediate frequency amplier whose anode is shown at 34 is changed as la function of AGC signal, the clipping threshold on the sync separator 122 will change. Separated sync will cause the cathode 150 of the lower AGC triode 146 to swing in a negative direction. This corresponds to the arrangement shown in Figure l, where received synchronizing signal causes the control electrode of triode Section 34 to swing positively with respect to its cathode 40. Capacitor 148 in Figure 2 corresponds to whatever total capacitance is-established bevalueof capacitance in Figure 1 is made controllable by the switch 68. This expediency of selecting the operating value of this capacitance has been omitted in Figure 2. for purposes of illustrational clarity. The triode 144 in Figure 2, corresponds to the triode 32 in Figure 1. In Figure 2, however, the control electrode of the triode has been directly connected with the anode to provide diode -action as described hereinabove in connection with Figure 1.

With the exception of the connection of the control electrode of triode 146 to the tap on resistor 102, through a noise charging circuit 154, the basic automatic gain control circuit of Figure 2 is substantially identical to that of Figure 1 and operates in accordance with the principles described in the discussion of Figure 1 above. The novel noise charging circuit 154 operates as follows: When noise occurs conduction in the triode section 146 is increased and grid current results. When grid current occurs electrons accumulate a negative charge on the ungrounded plate of the capacitor 165, thus reducing the potential applied -to the control electrode at the triode 146. The negative charge accumulated on the capacitor 165 leaks through the resistor 166. The time constant of the capacitor 165 and resistor 166 is preferably several horizontal lines or more. A reduction in potential at the control electrode of the tube 146 tends to reduce the conduction in this triode. This reduction in potential has the same effect on the conduction in the triode 146v as would a reduction in incoming signal strength.

Thus, the occurrence of impulse noise which has the same effect on an automatic gain control circuit as an increase in incoming signal strength will also develop through the action of the noise charging section 154, another effect similar to a reduction of incoming signal strength compensating action is, therefore, seen to take place.

lt will be noted that as the time constant of the noise charging circuit 154 is sufficiently long, the noise charging circuit will over-compensate for noise, viz., the occurrence of noise will have the same effect on the AGC circuit as the reduction of incoming signal strength. If the time constant is too short, there will be under-compensation for noise. In the circuit of Figure 2, no critical balance of compensation is required. lt is better to have over-compensation because in that case, the signal appears weaker to the AGC than when noise occurs. This makes the AGC increase the amplification of the received signal to the extent that the tips of the synchronizing pulses get closer to the upper clipping level of the synchronizing signal separator 122, thus reducing the amount of noise delivered to the deection circuits.

What is claimed is:

l. In a radio receiver adapted to receive signals of the television type which include recurrent synchronizing pulses, an automatic gain control circuit comprising: two unilateral conduction devices each having at least two electrodes; means connecting together one electrode of a first and one electrode of a second of said two unilateral conduction devices to a common point in such a way that the direction of greater conductivity of one of said unilateral conduction devices is toward said common point and that of the other is away from said common point; a storage capacitor connected between said cornmon point and a point of reference potential; means to apply to another electrode of the first of said unilateral conduction devices intermittent voltages with such polarity as to increase the conduction through said first unilateral conduction device so that said capacitor charges; means to apply to another electrode of the second of said unilateral conduction devices synchronizing pulses with such polarity as to increase the conduction through said second unilateral conduction device so that said capacitor discharges; and means to connect said other electrode of said first unilateral conduction device to said receiver to control its gain.

bias to-said second unilateral conduction device;

its gain.

. 2. An automatic gain .control circuit according to ,claim 1,-wherein means are provided for `applying aiiXed 3. An automatic gain control circuit according to claim 1, wherein means are provided for applying a variable bias and a'point of reference potential whereby said capacitor receives a charge tending toV Vreducerthe conduction in said' second unilateral-conduction device when `the conduction in the second unilateral conduction device increases beyond a given level.

V5. In a radio receiver adapted tolreceive signals of the television type which include recurrent synchronizing pulses,'an automatic gain control circuit comprising: two normally non-conductive unilateral conduction devices each having at least two electrodes; means connecting together one electrode of a irst and one electrode of a second of said two unilateral conduction devices to a common point in such a way that the direction of greater conductivity of Vone of said unilateral-conduction devices is toward said common point and that of the other is away from said common point; a storage capacitor connected between said common point and a point of reference potential; means to apply to another electrode ofthe first of said unilateral conductionV devices intermittent voltages with such polarity as to render conductive said first unllateral conduction device so that said capacitor charges; means to apply to another eiectrode of the second of said unilateral conduction devicessynchronizing pulses with such polarity as to render conductive said second unilateral conduction device so that said capacitor discharges; and means to connect said other electrode of said iirst unilateral conduction device te said receiver to control 6. in an automatic gain control circuit, the combination of: a signal ampliiier having a gain control terminal to which a gain control potential may be applied to coutrol the gain of said ampliiier, said amplifier having a plying means 'connected between -said 'control relectrode and a point within said time constant load circuit... v Y

' l0. .In ali-automatic gain control circuit, the combination oir. a source of electricalsignal having a-cyclically recurrent signal component; an amplifier having an automatic gain control terminahsaid amplier being coupled with said signal-source; means coupled with said amplier for developing a keying signal synchronouslyy related to said recurrent signal component; a capacitor; unilateral conduction means coupled between said keying signal source and said capacitor incharging relation toV said capacitor; controllable impedance .means coupled with said capacitor in discharging relation thereto, said controllablc 'impedancel ymeans having a control terminal adapted to receive an impedance control signalffor determiningthe impedancevalue of said impedance means;

signal coupling means connected between said control terminal and said source of electrical signal; current responsive means-coupled with said unilateral conduction means for developing a potential as a function of currentA flow through said Aunilateral Vconduction means; and a connection from said last named means to said amplier automatic gain control terminal.` K

11. In a television receiver, the combination of: an automatic gain control system operatively included in said receiver for minimizing the edects lof variations inreceived signal strength by varying the overall signal gain of said receiver as an inverse function of received signal amplitude; an amplifier device Yincluded in said automatic gain control-system; Vsaid ampliiier device having an input circuit connected to-accept electrical variations derived from received television signals and an output circuit for developing an automatic gain control voltage for signal delivery terminal; a first and a second electron discharge tubes connected in series with one another to form a combination capable of unilateral current conduction, thetirst Vof said tubes having a control electrode; a source of power .supplyV sinal comprising a recurrent alternating current waveform; conections placing said combination in shunt with said power supply source; a

time constant load Ycircuit connected with said tirst tube for developing a unidirectional voltage in accordance with current ow through said iirst tube; means coupling said loadfcircuit with said gain control terminal; and means coupling said first discharge tube control electrode with said amplifier signal delivery terminal.

is formed a time constant circuit of value longer thanY the period ofV said power supply signal recurrent component.

8. An automatic gain control circuit, according to claim 6, wherein there is additionally provided a time constant circuit included in said control electrode coupling means, said time constant circuit having aV time constant valueseveral times longer than the period of said power supplyV signal recurrent component.

9. An automatic gain control circuit, according to claim 6, wherein said first discharge tube includes a con-Y trol electrode; wherein there is additionally provided coulable to received signal noise.

12. In a television receiver automaticr gain control circuit, the combination of:V a source of demodulated tele-l vision signals having random noise excursions exceeding the amplitude ofV television synchronizing components; means having an` input circuit operatively coupled to said source and an output-circuit in which is developed an auto- Vmatic gain control voltage the magnitude of which is a positive function of. the amplitude of signals' applied to said inputcircuit and characterized in that noise components exceeding the amplitude of synchronizing components tend to produce unwanted increases in thedeveloped automatic gain control voltage;'means operatively coupled to said signal `source and responsive to substantially only received signal noise excursionsV to develop a noise correctingpotential; and means operatively coupled Awith said noise correcting potential developing means and said automatic gain control voltage developing means for reducing the magnitude ofdeveloped automatic gaincontrol potential in response to received signal noise by an amount substantially equal to the amount of said unwanted automatic gain control voltage increase whereby variations in the automatic gain control potential delivered by said automatic gain control circuit attributable to received signal noise are minimized.

13. YInV a television receiver for receiving broadcast television signals which include a relatively low amplitude cess of said synchronizing component, the combination of: signal datum means to which elements of said receiver and signals handled thereby are electrically referenced; a source of demodulated television signal referenced to said datum means, said signal including at least said synchronizing component and said random noise contamination excursions; an automatic gain control circuit operatively included in said receiver for minimizing the eifects of variations in received signal intensity, said automatic gain control circuit including an amplier device having an input electrode and at least two output electrodes, one of said output electrodes being alternating current referenced to said datum means, said automatic gain control circuit further including a galvanically conductive input circuit comprising a rst resistor connected between said input electrode and said datum referenced output electrode, and a galvanically conductive output circuit comprising a second resistor across which said amplifier device develops an automatic gain control voltage, said output circuit being operatively connected between said two output electrodes, said amplifier device being characterized in that current dow is established between said input electrode and said datum referenced output electrode when voltage excursions of predetermined polarity between said input electrode and said datum referenced output electrode exceed a predetermined minimum amplitude; means operatively coupled with and responsive to said source of demodulated television signal to produce a signal waveform referenced to said datum means having amplitude variations corresponding to said synchronizing component and said noise contamination excursions such that amplitude variations corresponding to said noise excursions randomly exceed in amplitude those variations representing said synchronizing signal, said noise excursions being of said predetermined polarity and exceeding in amplitude said predetermined minimum; a time constant network having a time constant value longer than the periodicity of said synchronizing component; and means operatively connecting said time constant network with said input circuit such that said time constant network is charged in response to current ow between said input electrode and said datum referenced output electrode to develop a noise correcting potential whereby said amplier device is rendered less effective upon receiving noise excursions producing current flow in said input circuit.

14. In a television receiver designated to receive and demodulate a radio carrier modulated with television signals including a relatively low amplitude video component, relatively high amplitude periodically recurrent syn-, chronizing component, and random noise contamination having excursions of an amplitude in excess of said synchronizing component, the combination of: a signal amplitier operatively connected to amplify received signals; an automatic gain control means operatively connected with said amplifier means for controlling the gain of said ampliier means in accordance with an automatic gain control potential, the value of which is a function of the amplitude of received synchronizing component; means included in said automatic gain control means responsive to random noise contamination excursions having an amplitude in excess of said synchronizing component to develop a correcting potential the value of which is a positive function of the degree that said random noise excursions exceed in amplitude the said synchronizing component; and means so connecting said last named means in said automatic gain control means that said developed noise correcting potential operates to increase the gain of said amplifier for a predetermined period following the reception of random noise contamination.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,266,516 Russell Dec. 16, 1941 2,332,681 Wendt Oct. 26, 1943 2,593,011 Cotsworth Apr. 15, 1952 

